MIDTERM 2

1.What is a problem?

A problem is a question, situation, error or an issue that has to be considered deeply as an obstacle to achieve a goal, an objective or a purpose.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/problem

2. i) What does method mean?

Method is a systematic procedure or process of doing something to accessing the target. It is the body of systematical techniques to investigate phenomena, to find the best knowledge.

http://www.yourdictionary.com/methodology

http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?va=method&query=method

ii) What does methodology mean?

Methodology is a science which is the analysis of the principles of methods or systematic study of method. Methodology shows you what you should do during managing projects from the beginning to the end. Methodology which consists of methods, techniques and procedures try to collect and analyze information.

http://www.brainyquote.com/words/me/method189741.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method

3. i) What does theory mean?

Theory is a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or fact which tries to define phenomena. Theories are supported by experiments and empirical evidences but they can never be proven. Theories are universal and accepted by vast majorities of world and they are always revised by more logical theories.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theory

ii) What does hypothesis mean?

Hypothesis is an assumption or concession based on observations which is an explanation of a phenomenon or correlation between several phenomenas. Hypothesis is used to make some predictions before starting our work.

http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?va=hypotheses&query=hypotheses

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-hypothesis.html

iii) What does paradigm mean?

Paradigm is a state from looking different viewpoints. It is a general set of beliefs and agreements shared amongst scientists to analyze problems better. Paradigm does not involve objectivity which differs from theory at that point.

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-paradigm.html

http://www.ktunnel.com/index.php/1010110A/98874c2574a9ae115953ab7b704501d4319ffd5dd7b6a4a8403f36c08a1b09c8413a0a17980

4. i)What is strategy?

Strategy is a careful plan or method to achieve a specified target. Strategies make the problem to define clearly. Strategy can be short or long term, there is no limitation about it.

http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?va=strategy&query=strategy

http://www.ktunnel.com/index.php/1010110A/98874c2574a9ae115953ab7b704501d4319ffd5dd7b6a4a8403f36c39f1b09d84d3a1e17980

ii) What is plan?

Plan is a design which is made to achieve a goal. By planning, people organize their actions and know what to do in the process. Planning and strategy are different things.

Strategies use plans to achieve a goal.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan

http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?va=plan&query=plan

iii) What is control?

Control means having power to check or restrain something. Control in management creates standards and enables to measure the performance easily. It detects errors of the process and you can correct them after being detected.

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control

http://www.brainyquote.com/words/co/control147765.html

5. i) What is model?

Model is a system of postulates, data and inferences which consists of the design or description that you are planning to do. Simply, model is the main object of system or concept.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/model

http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?va=model&query=model

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_%28abstract%29

ii) What is snowball effect?

Snowball effect is used when an entity or situation is once small and relatively it starts to grow exponentially at a swift pace engulfing everything in its path like snowball. It becomes larger and potentially very dangerous. It is similar to the domino effect but it is different from the growing progression.

http://www.freestateproject.org/files/images/cmp_6_snowball_effect_400.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_effect

http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=snowball+effect

iii) What is waterfall diagram?

Waterfall diagram is a sequential development model which has no turning back just like a waterfall. Waterfall diagrams are three dimensional plots which show the result in the form of mountains shapes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_Model

http://www.fincher.org/images/1970-WaterfallWinsonRoyce.gif

http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci519580,00.html

6. i) What does “validation/validity” mean?

Validity means how strong our conclusions, results and theories and it checks if it satisfies some certain standards. Validation means something is suitable for the intended use.

http://www.answers.com/topic/validation?cat=technology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validation

ii) What does “significance” mean?

Significance means noteworthy, very important. It is the scope which something matters. In economics if a finding has implications for scientific interpretation or policy practice (McCloskey and Ziliak, 1996), it is said to be of economic significance. If a finding is occured randomly by a chance it is called statistically significant.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance

http://economics.about.com/od/economicsglossary/g/signif.htm

http://www.answers.com/significance?cat=technology

iii) What does “reliability” mean?

Reliability means the probability that an engineering system will perform its function for its intended life under some specified environmental and operating conditions. Reliability cannot be measured, it is estimated.

http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/reliabilitydef.htm

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/reltypes.php

iv) What does “relevance/relevant” mean?

It is the relationship between expected and existed measurement of a term which can be measured either quantitatively or qualitatively.

http://www.answers.com/topic/reliability-availability-and-serviceability?cat=technology

7) i) What is an event?

Event is an occurrence that happens at a given time and place. It is also a significant change which can be formed for the problem solution or the successful access to the goal.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/event

ii) What is a Process?

Process consists of a series of sequentially changes which finally bring you to a final outcome. Process includes all the steps to make a project.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process

http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=process

iii) What is a life cycle?

Life cycle is a period or series of stages starting from the beginning and ends after its last development. In other words, life cycle means the natural process that something goes through as centuries.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_cycle

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/life+cycle

8. i) What does iterative mean?

Iterative is an action which is repeated. It is a process that repeat itselves depending on the previous processes until a logical result is found.

http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci519105,00.html

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/iterative

ii) What does sequential mean?

Sequential in general means order of occurence, process or fact of following order. Sequence is constructed from set of series which are related to each other somehow and every sequential processes follows the other one.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_(disambiguation)

http://www.yourdictionary.com/sequential

9. Correlate beautiful vs. Kitsch picture taking exercise with “data collection”, “observation”, “abstraction” and “awareness”.

First, we tried to understand what kind of a photo we were supposed to take and to do that we searched from internet. We tried to understand what kitsch means and how kitsch photos look like. These were our data collection part that we gathered information from internet. After fully understanding how beautiful vs kitsch photos look like, we started to make observations. We started look at our environment more carefully and tried to see some kitsch things. Abstraction part started when we decided the subject of our photos. In the abstraction part, we narrowed down the subjects of the photos that we could take. Until deciding to take the kitsch photo, we eliminated other kitsch photos. Awareness helped us in every part of the process. While we were gathering information from internet or making observations, we were always aware for what we were looking for.